|
A coffer (or coffering) in architecture, is a series of sunken panels in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling, soffit or vault.〔 〕 A series of these sunken panels were used as decoration for a ceiling or a vault, also called ''caissons'' ('boxes"), or ''lacunaria'' ("spaces, openings"),〔An alternative, in a description of Domitian's audience hall by Statius, noted by Ulrich 2007:156, is ''laquearia'', not a copyist's error, as it appears in Manilius' ''Astronomica'' (1.533, quoted by Ulrich).〕 so that a coffered ceiling can be called a ''lacunar'' ceiling: the strength of the structure is in the framework of the coffers. The stone coffers of the ancient Greeks〔An example is the main ''hieron'' at Samothrace, where stone ceiling beams of the pronaos carried a coffered ceiling of marble slabs across a span of about 6.15 m (J.J. Coulton, ''Ancient Greek Architects at Work: Problems of Structure and Design'' (Cornell University Press) 1982:147. ISBN 978-0801492341〕 and Romans〔Roman wooden coffered ceilings are discussed in Roger Bradley Ulrich, ''Roman Woodworking'', ch. "Roofing and ceilings" (Yale University Press) 2007.〕 are the earliest surviving examples, but a seventh-century BC Etruscan chamber tomb in the necropolis of San Giuliano, which is cut in soft tufa-like stone reproduces a ceiling with beams and cross-beams lying on them, with flat panels filling the ''lacunae''.〔Illustrated in Ulrich, fig 8.27.〕 For centuries, it was thought that wooden coffers were first made by crossing the wooden beams of a ceiling in the Loire Valley châteaux of the early Renaissance. In 2012, however, archaeologists working under Andrew Wallace-Hadrill at the House of the Telephus in Herculaneum discovered that wooden coffered ceilings were constructed in Roman times. Experimentation with the possible shapes in coffering, which solve problems of mathematical tiling, or tessellation, were a feature of Islamic as well as Renaissance architecture. The more complicated problems of diminishing the scale of the individual coffers were presented by the requirements of curved surfaces of vaults and domes. A prominent example of Roman coffering, employed to lighten the weight of the dome, can be found in the ceiling of the rotunda dome in the Pantheon, Rome. In ancient Chinese wooden architecture, coffering is known as ''zaojing'' (). ==See also== * Dome * Dropped ceiling * Cove ceiling * Beam ceiling 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Coffer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|